TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Leishmaniasis
A1  - Onayemi, Emmanuel Olaniyi
A2  - Kelly, A. Paul
A2  - Taylor, Susan C.
A2  - Lim, Henry W.
A2  - Serrano, Ana Maria Anido
Y1  - 2016
N1  - 
T2  - Taylor and Kelly's Dermatology for Skin of Color, 2e
AB  - KEY  POINTSLeishmaniasis  is  a  chronic  protozoan  infection,  described  independently  in  1903  by  Leishman  and  Donovan.There  are  at  least  20  species  of  the  protozoa  that  cause  leishmaniasis  in  humans.Certain  species  of  leishmaniasis  cause  visceral  leishmaniasis  (eg,  Leishmania  infantum  and  Leishmania  donovani),  and  others  cause  cutaneous  disease  (eg,  Leishmania  major  and  Leishmania  tropica).Emerging  research  has  demonstrated  that  these  species-specific  presentations  may  not  be  absolute  because  some  species  can  cause  both  types  of  infections.The  transmission  of  infection  is  primarily  through  the  bite  of  sandflies  of  the  genus  Phlebotomus  (Old  World)  or  Lutzomyia  (New  World).  Rarely,  transmission  can  occur  through  shared  syringes,  by  blood  transfusion,  or  congenitally  from  mother  to  infant.The  sandfly  usually  bites  at  night  and  outdoors,  although  they  have  rarely  been  reported  to  bite  during  the  day  and  indoors.Leishmaniasis  presents  with  lesions  of  the  skin,  mucous  membranes,  or  internal  organs,  and  the  presentation  is  dependent  on  a  number  of  factors  including  the  infecting  species  of  Leishmania,  its  virulence,  number  of  parasites  inoculated,  site  of  bite,  and  the  nutritional  status  and  immune  response  of  the  host.Diagnosis  can  be  made  clinically,  particularly  in  endemic  areas,  or  via  microscopic  examination  of  Giemsa-stained  smear,  leishmanin  skin  test,  histologic  examination  of  biopsy  specimen,  or  serologic  techniques  including  polymerase  chain  reaction  technology.Treatment  modalities  include  topical  or  systemic  chemotherapy,  physical  methods,  and  surgical  intervention.Recovery  from  infection  confers  lifelong  immunity.Prevention  is  always  superior  to  treatment  and  cure.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161548692
ER  -