RT Book, Section
A1 Hassel, Jessica C.
A1 Enk, Alexander H.
A2 Kang, Sewon
A2 Amagai, Masayuki
A2 Bruckner, Anna L.
A2 Enk, Alexander H.
A2 Margolis, David J.
A2 McMichael, Amy J.
A2 Orringer, Jeffrey S.
SR Print(0)
ID 1161336341
T1 Melanoma
T2 Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071837798
LK dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161336341
RD 2024/04/19
AB AT-A-GLANCERising  incidence  worldwide  in  countries  with  white  inhabitants,  with  highest  incidence  rates  in  Australia  (35  new  cases  per  year  per  100,000  population),  followed  by  North  America  (21.8  new  cases  per  100,000  population)  and  Europe  (13.5  new  cases  per  100,000  population).Risk  factors  include  history  of  sunburns  and/or  heavy  sun  exposure,  blue  or  green  eyes,  blonde  or  red  hair,  fair  complexion,  >100  typical  nevi,  any  atypical  nevi,  prior  personal  or  family  history  of  melanoma,  or  p16  mutation.Mean  age  of  diagnosis  is  63  years,  with  15%  being  younger  than  45  years.Most  common  location  is  the  back  for  men,  and  lower  extremities  followed  by  trunk  for  women,  but  can  occur  anywhere  on  the  skin  surface.Features  used  for  melanoma  recognition:  A  (asymmetry),  B  (border),  C  (color),  D  (diameter,  >5  mm  in  most  common  use),  and  E  (evolution).Follows  a  highly  variable  course  and  represents  a  heterogeneous  disorder;  surgically  curable  if  diagnosed  and  treated  in  early  phase,  but  potentially  lethal  with  increased  risk  when  diagnosed  and  treated  late.In  the  last  decades,  completely  new  and  effective  treatment  options  for  metastatic  melanoma  approved  with  immunotherapies  such  as  the  immune  checkpoint  blockade  (anti-CTLA4,  anti-PD-1  antibodies)  and  targeted  therapies  like  BRAF/MEK  inhibitors  leading  to  a  median  overall  survival  of  2  years  in  stage  IV  melanoma  and  the  chance  for  a  long-term  tumor  control.