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What is the approximate maximum depth of visualization of skin structures by confocal microscopy?
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A. 20-50 microns (epidermis)
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B. 200-250 microns (upper dermis)
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C. 500-1000 microns (deeper dermis)
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D. more than 2 mm (subcutis)
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B. 200-250 microns (upper dermis)
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Which of the following descriptions corresponds to atypical keratinocytes in epithelial tumors visualized by confocal microscopy?
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A. Irregular honeycombed pattern, with poligonally shaped cells variable in size and shape and with pleomorphic nuclei
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B. Irregular cobblestone pattern, with bright large and nucleated cells
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C. Complete disarrangement of the epidermis with absence of any pattern
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D. Presence of amorphous material in the epidermal layers
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A. Irregular honeycombed pattern, with poligonally shaped cells variable in size and shape and with pleomorphic nuclei
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Identify the following structures specific for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma:
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A. Dense and sparse nests
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B. Polycyclic papillary contours
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C. Islands and/or cords with palisading
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D. Meshwork pattern at the dermal epidermal junction
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C. Islands and/or cords with palisading
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Confocal microscopy is most likely to detect the following features of a melanocytic nevi:
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A. Single melanocytes at the junction because of their dendritic appearance
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B. Melanocytic nests at the junction and in the upper dermis
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D. Eumelanin and pheomelanin formation
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B. Melanocytic nests at the junction and in the upper dermis
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The most characteristic confocal features of a melanoma are:
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A. Presence of large bright nucleated cells in the epidermis and atypical melanocytes in a disarranged junctional architecture
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B. Lack of maturation with depth
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D. Ulceration and neoangiogenesis
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A. Presence of large bright nucleated cells in the epidermis and atypical melanocytes in a disarranged junctional architecture