TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Overview of the PAR-2 Receptor
A1  - Baumann, Leslie
PY  - 2015
T2  - Cosmeceuticals and Cosmetic Ingredients
AB  - Protease-activated  receptor-2  (PAR-2)  is  a  G-protein-coupled  receptor  that  is  able  to  enhance  the  capacity  of  keratinocytes  to  ingest  melanosomes  from  the  neighboring  melanocyte.  Each  melanocyte  is  in  contact  with  an  average  of  36  keratinocytes  forming  an  “epidermal  melanin  unit”  (Figure  43-1).1,2  Once  melanin  is  created  within  melanosomes,  it  migrates  into  the  dendrite  tips  of  the  melanocyte  and  is  then  incorporated  into  other  keratinocytes  of  the  epidermal  melanin  unit.  Although  the  exact  process  of  melanin  transfer  is  not  completely  understood,  PAR-2  has  been  shown  to  play  an  important  role.3  The  PAR-2  can  be  up-  or  downregulated,  and  is  upregulated  by  ultraviolet  radiation.4  It  is  thought  to  be  important  in  hyperpigmentation  disorders  because  it  has  been  found  that  serine  protease  inhibitors  that  interfere  with  PAR-2  activation  induce  depigmentation  by  reducing  melanosome  transfer  and  distribution.5  Soybeans,  which  contain  the  serine  protease  inhibitors  soybean  trypsin  inhibitor  (STI)  and  Bowman–Birk  protease  inhibitor  (BBI),  have  been  demonstrated  to  inhibit  melanosome  transfer,  resulting  in  an  improvement  of  mottled  facial  pigmentation.6  In  addition,  activation  of  PAR-2  with  trypsin  and  other  synthetic  peptides  has  been  shown  to  result  in  visible  skin  darkening.5  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1174542397
ER  -