TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Venous Valvular Reflux A1 - Phillips, Raymond E. Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Venous Insufficiency AB - Disorders of the valves may affect the veins of the superficial, the perforating, or the deep systems. Often, they occur in combination. The character and severity of symptoms will depend on which of these systems is predominantly affected. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175311731 ER -