TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Cold Injuries A1 - Millard, Ashley N. A1 - Green, Clayton B. A1 - Stratman, Erik J. A2 - Kang, Sewon A2 - Amagai, Masayuki A2 - Bruckner, Anna L. A2 - Enk, Alexander H. A2 - Margolis, David J. A2 - McMichael, Amy J. A2 - Orringer, Jeffrey S. PY - 2019 T2 - Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e AB - AT-A-GLANCESkin is important for maintaining core body temperature within a narrow physiologic range.Cold weather, wind, humidity, dampness, and altitude combine to inflict skin damage.Freezing and nonfreezing conditions can both produce cold injuries.Frostbite occurs after exposure to intensely cold air, liquids, or metals. Several degrees of frostbite are recognized.Self-inflicted freeze injuries from inhalant abuse and peer challenges are emerging.Winter xerosis and acrocyanosis are common consequences of prolonged exposure to cold.Pernio is an acral eruption of edematous violaceous papules occurring in cool rather than freezing exposures, and seen more frequently in lean persons.Cold urticaria is rare and occurs at the sites of localized cooling.Cold panniculitis typically occurs on legs and cheeks. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161327496 ER -