TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Botulinum Toxin
A1  - Baumann, Leslie
A1  - Elsaie, Mohamed L.
A1  - Grunebaum, Lisa
A2  - Baumann, Leslie
A2  - Saghari, Sogol
A2  - Weisberg, Edmund
PY  - 2009
T2  - Cosmetic Dermatology: Principles and Practice, 2e
AB  - Botulinum  toxin  (BTX),  an  exotoxin  produced  by  the  bacteria  Clostridium  botulinum,  occurs  naturally  in  nature.  BTX  induces  a  bilaterally  symmetric  descending  neuroparalytic  condition  called  botulism.  The  word  “botulinum”  is  derived  from  the  Latin  word  for  sausage,  “botulus.”  Botulism  was  so  named  during  the  Napoleonic  Empire  in  the  early  1800s  when  it  was  noted  to  be  triggered  by  the  ingestion  of  spoiled  sausages.  Later,  German  physician  Justinus  Kerner  described  food-borne  botulism  and  its  clinical  symptoms  during  the  period  between  1817  and  1822.  In  1946,  Schantz  reported  isolating  BTX  type  A  in  its  crystalline  form,  and  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  later,  Alan  Scott  became  the  first  to  harness  the  effects  of  BTX  for  medicinal  use  in  monkey  strabismus.1  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1172446995
ER  -