RT Book, Section
A1 Sartori-Valinotti, Julio C.
A1 Davis, Mark D. P.
A2 Kang, Sewon
A2 Amagai, Masayuki
A2 Bruckner, Anna L.
A2 Enk, Alexander H.
A2 Margolis, David J.
A2 McMichael, Amy J.
A2 Orringer, Jeffrey S.
SR Print(0)
ID 1161350253
T1 Cryoglobulinemia and Cryofibrinogenemia
T2 Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071837798
LK dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1161350253
RD 2024/04/24
AB Cryoglobulins  are  circulating  immunoglobulins  found  in  both  serum  and  plasma  that  reversibly  precipitate  or  gel  upon  cold  exposure.  Cryofibrinogens  result  from  precipitation  of  fibrinogens  on  cold  exposure  and  are  detectable  only  in  plasma  samples,  not  serum.  This  chapter  focuses  on  conditions  that  lead  to  either  microvascular  occlusion  (Type  I  cryoglobulinemia  and  cryofibrinogenemia)  or  small-  and  medium-sized  vessel  vasculitis  (Type  II  and  III  cryoglobulinemia)  with  emphasis  on  lesion  morphology  and  cutaneous  manifestations.