RT Book, Section
A1 Salgado, Claudio Guedes
A1 Cardoso de Brito, Arival
A1 Salgado, Ubirajara Imbiriba
A1 Spencer, John Stewart
A2 Kang, Sewon
A2 Amagai, Masayuki
A2 Bruckner, Anna L.
A2 Enk, Alexander H.
A2 Margolis, David J.
A2 McMichael, Amy J.
A2 Orringer, Jeffrey S.
SR Print(0)
ID 1172926652
T1 Leprosy
T2 Fitzpatrick's Dermatology, 9e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071837798
LK dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1172926652
RD 2024/04/20
AB AT  A  GLANCEDefinition:  A  chronic  granulomatous  disease  affecting  mainly  the  skin  and  nerves  caused  by  the  obligate  intracellular  pathogen  Mycobacterium  leprae.Involvement:  Primarily  the  skin  and  nerves,  but  causing  sequelae  to  a  wide  range  of  tissues  and  systems  including  eyes,  upper  respiratory  tract,  lymphoid  tissue,  testicles,  muscles,  and  bones.Diagnosis:  Based  on  clinical  signs  and  symptoms,  hallmarks  include  loss  of  sensation  within  skin  lesions,  nerve  swelling  or  pain,  or  demonstration  of  acid-fast  bacilli  in  skin  smears  or  biopsies.Incidence:  214,783  new  cases  detected  worldwide  in  2016,  essentially  unchanged  for  the  last  4  years.  More  than  80%  of  all  new  cases  are  detected  in  only  3  countries—India,  Brazil,  and  Indonesia.Long-term  morbidity:  Despite  the  global  use  of  multidrug  therapy  in  use  since  the  mid-1980s,  up  to  30%  to  50%  of  all  leprosy  patients  will  experience  some  type  of  reactional  episode  that  may  result  in  a  permanent  neurologic  deficit  or  disability.A  clinical  challenge:  The  long  incubation  time  prior  to  the  slow  development  of  diverse  symptoms  (3-7  years  postinfection),  the  very  low  rate  of  disease  progression  in  infected  individuals,  and  issues  with  misdiagnosis  all  create  challenges  to  the  development  of  ways  to  interrupt  transmission.An  immunologic  spectrum  of  disease:  Understanding  what  genetic  factors  and  the  interplay  of  innate  and  adaptive  immune  responses  of  the  host  that  leads  to  resistance  or  susceptibility  to  disease  are  critical  in  developing  novel  treatment  approaches.