RT Book, Section
A1 Tannous, Zeina
A1 Avram, Mathew M.
A1 Tsao, Sandy
A1 Avram, Marc R.
SR Print(0)
ID 1175821249
T1 Analysis of the Aging Face and Non-Facial Regions
T2 Color Atlas of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2e
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071635035
LK dermatology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175821249
RD 2023/12/01
AB The  face  is  the  focal  point  of  human  beauty.  Although  various  factors  influence  facial  beauty,  the  aging  process  is  the  most  common  aspect  prompting  non-surgical  and/or  surgical  intervention.  Aging  is  a  dynamic  and  continual  process.  Different  cultural,  ethnic,  and  gender  norms  (Table  1.1)  of  beauty  exist;  however,  there  are  certain  features  which  globally  transcend  these  differences  to  determine  what  is  perceptually  pleasing.  Heredity  and  environmental  factors  (eg,  sun  exposure,  wind,  trauma)  are  the  main  determinants  of  aging.  In  addition,  cigarette  smoking  and  estrogen  loss  can  accelerate  the  aging  process.  As  one  ages,  changes  can  be  observed  in  all  facial  and  non-facial  anatomical  compartments,  including  the  skin,  subcutaneous  fat,  muscle,  and  bony  structure.  Use  of  a  systematic  approach  in  the  analysis  of  facial  and  non-facial  aging  will  allow  for  the  selection  of  appropriate,  safe,  and  effective  therapies.